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Making a Difference

8/25/2023

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Bumble bees are intriguing and a joy to watch. The friendly creatures are curious, very smart, and like to play too. Carefully controlled research shows they not only learn quickly, but instinctively make modifications and improvements upon their newly acquired skills. (Science.org)

I enjoy it when they interact with me and hover a few inches from my nose. I wonder what’s going through that small yet intelligent bee brain. How do they view the world? Do they realize their populations are dwindling and some Bombus species are threatened to disappear forever? Can they learn and adapt to the changing climate and avoid dangerous pesticides?

Last summer, my vegetable garden was a bust. I watered the plants, pulled up the biggest weeds, and planted pollinator-friendly flowers nearby. The leaves, stems, and the rest of the plants grew, and there were tons of blossoms but no tomatoes, squash, cukes, eggplants, or zucchini.

 Why? Because no bumble bee or any other insect crawled, fluttered, or buzzed around the garden to pollinate the fruiting blooms. That scared me. Was I witnessing the demise of our pollinators? Luckily, my late summer and autumn flowers started attracting attention from the insect world, and the pollinators returned. However, the original problem still existed. What could I do to make a difference?

That got me investigating ways I could prevent the same situation from happening again. I’m determined to make a positive difference. My resolution encouraged me to take a closer look at the world around me from a bug’s perspective. That’s where my captivation with indigenous flowers, shrubs, and trees originated, and now I’m hooked on discovering all of nature’s hidden beauty.

Along with documenting and preserving native plants, another golden opportunity came my way from the Xerces Society. I purchased an insect net and some small vials, dusted off our Canon XS digital camera, and joined SEBBA, the Southeastern Bumble Bee Atlas. I was going to catch and photograph some bumble bees!

The Bumble Bee Atlas
Xerces’ Bumble Bee Atlas is a citizen science project that collects the data needed to track and conserve bumble bees. The information gathered through these surveys is necessary to understand bumble bees, assess species distribution, population shifts, habitat associations, and to develop and implement effective conservation measures.

At least 50 different bumble bee species live in North America. Many of them face an uncertain future. One-quarter of them are undergoing dramatic population declines due to habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change, low genetic diversity, and the introduction and distribution of pathogens through commercial pollinators. 

The website sums up the purpose of the project: Regardless of the ultimate cause of bumble bee declines, protecting and managing existing habitat or creating new habitat are some of the most immediate and productive steps that can be taken to conserve these important pollinators. Understanding what habitats are most important, where to protect them, and where to restore them are where our Atlas projects will provide essential information.
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To get valuable data at the scale Xerces needs demands widespread participation. That’s why Atlas projects are active in 15 states: Pacific Northwest, Great Plains, Nebraska, Minnesota, California, Missouri, Iowa, and most recently in the Southeast. 


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My First Survey
The Southeastern Bumble Bee Atlas (SEBBA) got off the ground in Tennessee, Georgia, and the Carolinas earlier this year. After completing my training through an online workshop and gathering all the necessary supplies, I set out on my first survey on a hot summer morning.

I found my first bumble bee buzzing around a batch of Carolina Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense). Even though I’d practiced swinging the insect net, my antics that morning were not very graceful. My feet were balanced on a narrow ridge while trying to capture the bee. I got her but nearly fell face-first into the thorny horsenettle. Luckily, I was spared that painful experience.


​Have you ever tried to corner an angry bumble bee inside a net and then coerce her into a small bottle? I finally figured it out after losing my first victim and attempted it again with a second one. At least ten bumble bees were buzzing around the horsenettle, so I didn’t totally lose out on my capture. Thank goodness.

After icing them in the cooler, doing the photography was another learning experience. At first, I didn’t have the bumble bee chilled enough, and she flew off before I finished taking her pictures. I had to go back to the horsenettles and get another bumble bee. Eventually, I got the hang of it and completed my task. The pictures weren’t the greatest, but I’ll improve with more practice.
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It took a little longer than expected to complete the survey and do the paperwork, but it was worth it. The best part of my adventure was knowing I was accomplishing my goal and doing something that would make a difference. There’s no better way to spend a day!

If you’re interested in participating in the Xerces Society’s Bumble Bee Atlas, check out their webpage for more information. If the BBA is not active in your state, you can still photograph and submit your pictures of bumble bees to Bumble Bee Watch. That’s how I got started. Good luck!

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Wow! Simply WOW!

8/18/2023

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Last weekend and the weekend before, I had the privilege to explore the Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve in Conway, SC. Actually, I only got to see a tiny portion of the 10,427-acre natural preserve. Still, I was mesmerized by the unique, diverse selection of flora surrounding me, and there were so many species of insects!

It is home to a number of threatened or endangered plants and wildlife.

My first trip was a field day sponsored by the Xerces Society’s Southeastern Bumble Bee Atlas (SEBBA) to survey the variety of bumble bees in the preserve. I’ve conducted a couple of surveys of my own and have only come across one species. However, that day we found four out of the five species living in this region. It may not sound interesting to you, but that’s a big deal, folks!
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My second adventure concentrated on dragonflies, butterflies, and other winged wonders. My goodness, I never knew those guys came in so many sizes and colors. From inch-long damsel flies to the magnificent dragonflies patrolling the boggy landscape, I discovered there are countless creatures living around us, minding their own business while playing a significant role in the environment. That included a water moccasin we encountered (at a distance) while exploring one of the streams.


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As fascinating as the bugs were, a couple of carnivorous plants captured my attention as well.

​The Yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava) grows in damp, moist terrain. It depends on insects for nutrients.

Insects are attracted to the pitcher-shaped hollow leaves that contain a pool of water.  As the insect travels to the water, it encounters downward-pointing hairs that prevent the insect from exiting. The water pool contains insect-digesting enzymes that assist the plant in digesting its lunch.
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It has been estimated that 97.5% of pitcher plant habitats have been destroyed in the southeastern United States. They have been threatened by ongoing development and habitat loss. I’m happy to report that LOBHP has a healthy population of the pitcher plants.

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The highlight of my second visit was being shown the location of Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) growing in the wild.

​It grows in nutrient-poor soils along the coastal plain of the Carolinas. This plant gets most of its energy through photosynthesis but also receives some of its nutrients from digesting insects too. A small spider, ant, or other tiny insect crawling across a leaf brushes against tiny hairs that trigger the leaf to snap shut.  

Horry County has the only remaining wild population of these rare plants in South Carolina, so they are protected from unwelcomed visitors and poachers. I feel privileged to have been trusted with their location.

Unfortunately, some bad guys try to make a few bucks by digging up and illegally selling these rare plants to unwary buyers. The US Fish and Wildlife Service offers tips on how to avoid purchasing a poached flytrap.
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 I can’t believe I’ve lived in this area since the 1980s and never knew the Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve existed. It is a fantastic place and well worth the two 102-mile round trips to visit. I will return there soon and tell you all about the treasures I find. In the meantime, if you are in the Myrtle Beach, SC area, drop by and see the wonders for yourself.

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A Bee's Eye View of Nature

8/11/2023

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Debora Lombardi
A Bee's perception of a flower is much different than ours. Wouldn't it be cool to have ultraviolet vision! 
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I reckon you all have realized by now how much I love exploring the great outdoors. It's so fascinating to find a 'new to me' insect or plant as I wander around the countryside. Even while walking the same paths or along familiar roads, something different and intriguing tends to catch my eye.

One of the interesting wildflowers I've encountered has the interesting name of Handsome Harry (Rhexia virginica). It is a species of Meadow beauties native to eastern North America.
 
The first time I saw Handsome Harry, the gorgeous flower took my breath away. I mean that both literally  and figuratively!

A ditch filled with lots of briars blocked the path between me and Harry, yet I was determined to get a closer look. It took quite a bit of effort to navigate the thorny obstacles, but it was worth the effort and exercise.

The contrast between the single flower and the rest of the greenery couldn't be captured in the photograph. The lavender blossoms added nature's unique artistic touch to the scene. And it was priceless!

Since then, I've come across many other meadow beauties, but that first one will always be the most beautiful of them all.
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An interesting tidbit of information: not all insects can pollinate meadow beauties. It relies on native bees, including bumble bees for buzz pollination. This specialized skill uses rapid vibrations of the bee's wings to detach pollen from the flower's anthers.
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Video of bumble bee buzz pollinating a meadow beauty. If you listen closely, you can hear the higher pitched buzz.

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My new and exciting discovery led me to wonder how insects locate the latest floral additions to the landscape. How does a newly emerged blossom capture a bug's attention?  

According to the-scientist.com, plants produce odors that are picked up through the sensilla on an insect's antennae. Most flower odors have evolved specifically to attract insects.

But that's not all. A pollinator's extraordinary vision plays a role as well, and that's what fascinates me.

Insects are sensitive to a broad spectrum of light ranging from ultraviolet to infrared. A study conducted by the University of Georgia in November 2001 found that bees are able to simultaneously receive information from the wavelength and e-vector (vector representing the electric field of an electromagnetic wave) of incoming light by using their eye's photoreceptors. However, not all bugs have the same sensitivity to light. For instance, bees can't see the longer red or orange wavelengths of light, yet their compound eyes readily pick up the shorter ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths.

Wouldn't it be cool to visualize nature through the eyes of a bee and see flowers in ultraviolet?
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We can, with a bit of help from technology!

PictureFrom Bee Culture Magazine
Unfortunately, humans are limited to the mid-range of the color spectrum, so we have to rely on a UV camera to give us a glimpse into the bees' world.
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Thanks to photographic artist Craig Burrows, we now have an opportunity to go on a bee's-eye-tour of nature.


Over years of practice, Craig perfected the art of ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence photography. His awe-inspiring images illuminate the true colors of flowers as no one (except for insects) has ever seen them.

He started out searching for flowers in his neighborhood but switched to growing his own. He wanted more photogenic types of flowers, such as sunflowers and related flowers with bright, glowing pollen. The added effort was worth it; the results are spectacular!

Craig's photographs are copyrighted, so you must click the following links to view them. It's well worth the extra few minutes. His awesome images will blow you away.

HuffPost featured his photographs in David Moye's article dated April 18, 2017.
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You can view more images in National Geographic's piece by Austa Somvichian-Clausen from February 23, 2018.

Also, be sure to watch David Attenborough's short video showing us the world through an insect's eyes, viewing plants and flowers in beautiful ultra-violet vision!

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    Greta Burroughs

    Through the Lens of a Nature-Lover

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    No creature, whether it has two, four, six, eight, or no legs, should ever be homeless. Every living being deserves the basics of food, water, and shelter. By planting native plants, trees, and shrubs, I can do something toward providing the food and shelter these creatures need.

    ​It's amazing how plants and insects evolved to interact with each other, and how one could always instinctively rely upon the other for survival.

    That's what Mother Nature intended.

    Unfortunately, humanity's carelessness and greed disrupted her master plan.


    ​I'm on a quest to help restore Nature's balance by collecting seeds from, transplanting, or propagating the indigenous plants I find along the roadsides and fields before they are mown down or poisoned with pesticides.

    Then, if my gardening skills don't fail me, my yard will eventually provide a year-round oasis of native flowers, trees, and shrubs that'll provide the food and shelter insects need to thrive and never be homeless again. 

    Through the Lens of a Nature-Lover will share my journey as I discover, photograph, and rescue the plants and bugs no one else notices.

    Please join me in my quest to end homelessness. Thank you for caring.


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I will read forever because it lets me visit in my mind the worlds that I will never be able to see; it helps me put away the stresses of the day and relax into the rhythm of the story before me; it lets me bring to the surface and experience without regrets those feelings I hide away; it lets me re-experience the thrill of first love through someone else's eyes; it keeps my mind juiced so that it will never desert me; it is always there for me even when there's no one else. I will read forever no matter whether it is print or digital because the words will always call to me. ~ A Sassy Scribbler