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Don’t Forget to Thank the Pollinators This Thanksgiving

11/21/2023

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Thanksgiving just wouldn’t be Thanksgiving without food. The holiday originated as a time to be grateful for a bountiful harvest, so we carry on the tradition by preparing and eating a large meal. We say we’re thankful for the feast spread out in front of us, but does anyone actually take the time to thank the pollinators who made it all possible?

Before you dig into the food heaped on your plate, think about what it would look like if the bees, ants, flies, butterflies and moths, birds and bats, beetles, and other pollinators disappeared. Our feast would consist of turkey and some rice or noodles. You may indulge in some corn and potatoes since they are both wind-pollinated and cross-pollinated by insects. However, there’d be no gravy (made with milk) or butter since dairy products would be in short supply without bee-pollinated clover and alfalfa to feed the cows who produce the milk. Plus, our meager meal would be awfully bland without pepper.

As you take a generous scoop of cranberry sauce, think of the bees that visited the bogs where the cranberries grew. Generally, native bees busily hunt down the plant’s flowering blossoms. But in southeastern Massachusetts, the lower numbers of local bees force growers to bring in migratory honeybees and/or bumblebees to do the work. Honeybees are not all that efficient since they aren’t well adapted for the damp conditions. Yet, on the other hand, bumblebees have no problem navigating around the wet bogs and willingly work from early morning until late in the day. 

During the feast, you have to serve a good selection of veggies to complement the turkey and stuffing/dressing. More than three-quarters of the world’s food crops rely partly on pollination by insects and other animals. So the celery, onions, herbs, and spices in the stuffing, along with the beans, squash, broccoli, sweet potatoes, and other goodies on the side, are all thanks to the hard-working pollinators.

While you’re chowing down on the main course, don’t forget to save a little room for dessert. Say thanks to the native bees and other insects who pollinated the pumpkins, apples, cherries, blackberries, blueberries, pecans, and other nuts and berries for our favorite pies. Along with the primary ingredients, the spices, vanilla, and other flavorings wouldn’t be available if not for the bugs and critters investigating the blossoms emitting the irresistible aromas or brushing by and collecting pollen to spread to neighboring plants.

You’ll need some wine, apple cider, or tea to wash down all the food. Coffee with dessert, anyone? All these beverages are brought to you by the creeping, crawling, buzzing, and flittering creatures native to the region where the bushes and trees are grown.

How about a bit of chocolate while relaxing after dinner in anticipation of the next holiday coming up? Chocolate comes from the seeds of the cacao tree. To produce those seeds, the trees rely on the pollination services of­ more than a dozen species of biting flies called midges.
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Think about it. Even if you eat pepperoni pizza instead of the traditional fare, Thanksgiving would be extremely boring if not for the pollinators. So, while you’re chowing down, don’t forget to say a word of thanks to the creatures that make the day possible.

 

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Rodenticides Kill Wildlife as Well as Mice

11/7/2023

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Those little boxes of mouse bait may look innocuous, but they're not. Those little pellets of slow-acting blood thinning toxins are passed along to the owls, hawks, eagles, and other birds of prey that ingest the poisoned mice.

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There are no safe pesticides. I don't care what the manufacturers say. Fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides do more harm than good. Contrary to claims of being environmentally safe, their toxicity is not limited to a specific weed or bug. Instead, the chemical cocktails contaminate the surrounding soil and water and negatively affect any beneficial plants and insects that come in contact with the poisons.

Now, let's add rodenticides to the list.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) use blood-thinning drugs (such as warfarin) to kill rats, mice, and other rodents. These slow-acting drugs interfere with the blood's ability to clot. So, it takes a while between the rodent ingesting the poison and its death. Meanwhile, eagles, owls, hawks, and other raptors take advantage of the sick and disoriented mice and rats, picking them off as easy meals. This results in second-generation ARs accumulating inside the prey animals until reaching a toxic level. Then, they die as well.

In 2012, a study of more than 130 dead birds of prey found in and around Vancouver, Canada, reported that virtually 100% of the owls and a large proportion of the hawks had residues of at least one second-generation AR in their livers.

On Alaska's aptly named Rat Island, an ambitious rat-eradication program led to the death of more than 420 birds — including 46 bald eagles. In September 2008, helicopters and ground-based workers dumped 46 tons of bait on the island over a week. The original assessment predicted the bald eagles would vacate Rat Island during September for the salmon run, and only a few birds would die from the operation. However, the unexpected accumulation of carcasses from poisoned gulls attracted the eagles' attention, and the large raptors succumbed to secondary poisoning.

It's not just predatory avians dying. Foxes, wolves, snakes, and other carnivores also rely on mice and rats. Other creatures can be poisoned by consuming insects that have eaten the bait. In some instances, birds and animals eat the bait directly. Outdoor use of rodenticides by professional pest control operators is not consistently monitored or removed after a specified length of time. This significantly increases wildlife exposure to a tempting snack.

What Can Be Done?
First of all, outdoor permanent bait stations should be banned.

Secondly, consumers need to be educated on the ecological dangers of ARs. About ten years ago, a survey asked consumers if they knew about rodenticides' harmful effects on wildlife. The majority of the respondents had no idea but vowed to be more careful from that point on.

Homeowners are led to believe that it's easy to get rid of the mice. All you have to do is open a box of little blue pellets, slide in a corner, and forget about it. Unfortunately, that's where a common misconception leads into dangerous territory.

Rodenticides are one of the most toxic agents commonly found in households. We've already discussed how they can be toxic to wildlife. But they can also harm people and pets when eaten, breathed in, or touched. All it takes is exposure to just a single dose of rodenticide.

Because of their toxicity and the weak safety standards for their use and distribution, rodenticides are a serious threat to any living thing that accidentally comes in contact with them.

What are the alternatives to using rodenticides?
According to the Center for Biological Diversity, prevention is foremost in practicing rodent control. Removing sources of food, water, and shelter to discourage rodents' presence is highly effective.
  • Don't leave pet food and water outdoors, especially overnight. Instead, store pet food supplies indoors in sealed containers.
  • Seal gaps around air vents to building sub-areas, attics, and other openings. Use sweep seals under doors. A rat can squeeze through a hole the size of a quarter, a mouse through a dime-size hole.
  • Don't plant ivy — it provides shelter and a food source for rodents, snails, and slugs. Ivy on walls can form "rat ladders" to windows, attics, and other interior spaces.
  • Keep compost piles as far away from structures as possible.
  • Keep grass cut and trees trimmed as far away from structures as possible.
  • If you have a birdfeeder, use a squirrel guard to keep rodents away. Keep the ground area clean of bird seed.
  • Keep outdoor grills and cooking areas clean.
  • Keep firewood off the ground and as far away from structures as possible to mitigate shelter opportunities.
  • Use city-issue plastic trash bins. If cracked or missing a lid, contact the Department of Sanitation for a free replacement.
  • Clean up trash in garden areas to remove shelter for rodents.

Overall, killing rodents is not an effective method of removing them. The killed ones will be replaced by another until whatever is attracting them is removed. The best thing is not to give mice any incentive to enter your home.

The Northcoast Environmental Center lists some non-lethal deterrents such as cayenne pepper, peppermint soap, and high-intensity strobe lights in attics or other enclosed spaces. Non-toxic lethal removal methods include dry ice placed in rodent burrows, CO2-controlled rat and mouse traps that kill instantly and humanely, and electric traps. As a last resort, use snap traps inside a bait box and only in locations inaccessible to other animals.
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The crucial takeaway from this article is: please refrain from using rodenticides. It is a terribly inhumane pest control method, and its toxic effects on people, pets, and wildlife are devastating.
 

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    Greta Burroughs

    I am passionate about cleaning up our environment and restoring the habitats/ecosystems necessary for pollinators and wildlife to flourish.
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    Yet, Pollinator Conservation and Environmental Restoration involve more than just planting trees, flowers, and shrubs. In order to regain the balance Mother Nature intended, we need to also counter pollution, global warming, overuse of pesticides, and destruction of ecosystems.

    ​By publishing articles, essays, and resources on this blog, I hope to Educate, Encourage, and Empower others to find a niche where they can make a difference in this world.

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I will read forever because it lets me visit in my mind the worlds that I will never be able to see; it helps me put away the stresses of the day and relax into the rhythm of the story before me; it lets me bring to the surface and experience without regrets those feelings I hide away; it lets me re-experience the thrill of first love through someone else's eyes; it keeps my mind juiced so that it will never desert me; it is always there for me even when there's no one else. I will read forever no matter whether it is print or digital because the words will always call to me. ~ A Sassy Scribbler